Welcome to your B7 Quiz 10.4 – Vom Wasser aufs Land & Stammbaum der Wirbeltiere

1. 
Fill in the blank:

The jawless fish group from which all vertebrates descended is represented today by a living species called the .

2. 
Fill in the blank:

Ichthyostega, one of the first vertebrates on land, had already developed legs and breathed with lungs, but still had fish and a lateral line organ.

3. 
Arthropods such as millipedes, spiders and scorpions were the first animals able to permanently colonise dry land, protected by a hard exoskeleton.

4. 
Fill in the blank:

The first plants on land were , which had no effective protection against evaporation but could survive periods of drought.

5. 
Amphibians (Lurche) are still bound to water: fertilisation happens in water and their larvae breathe using gills.

6. 
The scientific name of the yak, Bos grunniens, tells us that the yak belongs to the genus Bos.

7. 
Why did plants moving onto land develop a waxy layer and stomata (small pores) in their leaves?

8. 
Fill in the blank:

Reptiles are independent of water: their skin is protected against drying out by horny .

9. 
What is the smallest group into which biologists classify living organisms?

10. 
Horses and donkeys belong to the same species, because together they can produce offspring called mules.

11. 
Fill in the blank:

Tigers and lions can mate in zoos to produce offspring called ligers, but ligers are unable to reproduce. This is evidence that tigers and lions belong to different .

12. 
Fill in the blank:

A yakolo, the offspring of a yak and a buffalo, is unable to reproduce. This is evidence that yaks and buffalo belong to different .

13. 
Fill in the blank:

A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring.

14. 
Fill in the blank:

In the binomial naming system, the first word of a scientific name tells us the that the organism belongs to.

15. 
How is a binomial name written correctly, according to the coursebook?

16. 
According to the vertebrate family tree, what feature did the oldest known ancestor of all vertebrates already possess?